The art of architecture: Brussels iconic facades and cobblestones
Brussels has been at the centre of world-changing architectural movements, a crucible of innovation and a loving guardian of its built heritage. As a result, the Belgian capital is a joy to wander around, with striking buildings in every neighbourhood. Unfold your map and pick up your pen as we guide you through the standout examples of Brussels architecture.
Travel through a dynamic architectural history
The first thing to understand about architectural styles in Brussels is their remarkable versatility. The city is not uniform and bland. Successive waves of Baroque, classical, Art Nouveau, Art Deco and modernist architects have all left their mark.
In the late 19th century, Brussels became a hub of the Art Nouveau movement. Master artisans created beautifully decorative homes and public buildings. Most have been lovingly restored as the city takes its heritage very seriously. From the 1920s, Art Deco took over, simplifying lines and focusing on elegant forms. After WW2, Brutalism had its day, experimenting with starkly beautiful shapes and minimalist aesthetics. Since then, neo-Renaissance and neoclassicism have tapped into the distant past. Not to mention unique creations like the Atomium.
Begin with an early twentieth century Art Nouveau exploration
With so much diversity, knowing where to start can be challenging. We recommend beginning with an Art Nouveau tour before diving into Art Deco Brussels.
Brussels was the birthplace of Art Nouveau – a reaction against stale classicism and Gothic conventions. In the 1890s, architects like Paul Hankar and Victor Horta started experimenting with spacious interiors and deploying materials like metal and glass to create sensuous environments.
Visit the Victor Horta Museum in Saint-Gilles for a full introduction and a peak at Horta's workshop. After that, it's time for a tour. Don't miss the Solvay House on Avenue Louise, the audacious woodwork of the Autrique House and the iconic Tassel House – a cornucopia of metal spirals and elegant masonry.
Take an Art Deco tour
After an Art Nouveau walk, move forward a decade to enter the Art Deco era. Start at BOZAR, one of the great Brussels landmarks. By 1919, Horta had become uncomfortable with Art Nouveau cliches. BOZAR emphasised simplicity, creating a temple-like interior to host fine arts events. The Art Deco movement technically started in 1925 with the Paris Exhibition, but Brussels got there first, sparking a new wave of architectural innovation. Today, the imprint of Art Deco is easy to find.
The Villa Empain on Avenue Franklin Roosevelt is both a beautiful Art Deco villa and an exhibition space for the Boghossian Foundation. The Flagey (1935) cultural hub resembles a grand cruise liner, while the Résidence Palace on Rue de la Loi applied Art Deco ideas to upscale housing. Archiduc on Rue Antoine Dansaert is a great place to finish your day. Time your arrival to catch some interwar jazz and enjoy a few cocktails in an authentic and beloved 1930s cafe.
Visit medieval Brussels in the atmospheric Guild Houses
Brussels didn't start building breathtaking buildings in the 19th century. The city was a thriving trade centre from the 14th century. As trade expanded, merchants and artisans needed venues to socialise. The guilds featured nine "nations". Each one included related trades, allowing artisans and merchants to regulate their professions and maintain their status. Each nation had a Guild House and many of these houses still stand on the Grand-Place.
When you get there, look up. Each house features decorative sculptures connected to the guild members alongside extravagant gold leaf details and masonry flourishes. Each one is a unique marvel testifying to the pride of guild members.
The Grand-Place is also home to the Hotel de Ville and its soaring spire. Touring the building and its exhibition spaces offer a fascinating snapshot of Brussels' past. You can climb the tower via a spiral staircase, but with 200 steps, be sure to warm up first. Alternatively, stay at ground level and explore the city's famous cobblestone streets. As you wander, check out the colour and texture of the stones. There are many types of cobble reflecting the city's historical eras – from tough granite to rich red sandstone, even Brussels' roads are a decorative delight.
Celebrate Brussels architecture at the BANAD festival
Brussels takes art and architecture seriously, providing a vibrant annual schedule of unmissable events. The biggest architecture event of the year is BANAD (Brussels Art Nouveau & Art Deco Festival), making March the perfect time to visit.
BANAD is a city-wide event that brings Brussels' Art Nouveau heritage to life. Expect guided tours, one-off exhibitions and antiques fairs. Best of all, BANAD opens private spaces that usually aren't accessible.
October sees Archiweek, when modernism comes to the fore. It's a great event for anyone with an interest in contemporary trends. Special events also introduce craft techniques to inspire your own creations.
Architect@Work at Tour & Taxis is aimed at professional architects but is an engaging destination if you want to watch the next Victor Hortas explain their approaches or emerging techniques.
Stay with us in palatial surroundings
Corinthia Brussels provides the perfect foundation for an unforgettable architectural journey. Even before you step outside, you can admire one of the city's most iconic structures right from the lobby. This Belle Epoque masterpiece, which first opened in 1909, has been meticulously restored to showcase its original grandeur. The hotel’s design evokes the opulence of Europe’s golden age, with breathtaking stained-glass windows and a beautiful ballroom. A venue that once hosted royalty, it’s now ready to be your base as you explore the architectural marvels of Brussels.
